Plant Material Essay -- Plants, Seeds

Plant material The seeds of A. precatorius were collected from the medicinal plant garden of Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Dr. H. S. Gour University, Sagar, M.P., India. Seeds were sterilized and germinated by chase the protocol described in our previous publication .15 Initiation of A. precatorius cell culturesDifferent explants from aseptically germinated seeds viz. leaves, epicotyle and petiole were tested for culture initiation by division in plant growth regulators (PGR) and Agrobacterium mediated transformation. Non-transformed callus cultures were initiated by placing explants on solidified MS medium supplemented separately with the hormones 1 mg/l naphthalene acetic acid (NAA) 1 mg/l Kinetin (Kn) 0.5 2.0 mg/l 2, 4- dichlorophenoxy acetic acid (2, 4-D) and there combinations (Data not shown). For transformation experiments, leaves were excised from 30 d darkened in vitro germinated plantlets of A. precatorius. A. tumefaciens strains (MTCC 431, MTCC 609, MTCC 2250 and MTCC 2251) were used to establish transformed callus cultures. These strains were procured from Microbial Type Culture Collection (MTCC), Institute of Microbial Technology (IMTECH), Chandigarh, India. A minimum of 30 explants were used for each experiment. All explants cultured on sterilized petriplates comprising MS medium solidified with 1.0 % agar and supplemented with 30 g/l sucrose. The pH was modify to 5.7 0.2. The medium was autoclaved under 15 psig pressure at 121C for 20 min. The explants were co-cultivated with Agrobacterium strains for infection to induce transformed callus. For this purpose, Agrobacterial colonies were cultured for 48 h on solid nutrient agar medium at 28 2C. Ten loopful bacteria were then... ... in a maximum synergistic promotion of glycyrrhizin collection i.e. 4.9-fold higher compared to transformed control culture. The present study indicates the potential of these biotechnology-based methodologies for large-scale fruit of glycyrrhi zin. Furthermore, in order to develop a process for commercial production of glycyrrhizin by plant cell cultures some addendumal yield enhancement strategies may be worked out like, optimization of medium composition, environmental condition and addition of precursors.Acknowledgments The authors are thankful to Dr. Ashish Baldi, Department of Biochemical Engineering and Biotechnology, Indian Institute of Technology, Hauz Khas, novel Delhi, India for his valuable and timely assistance. The author VSK wishes to acknowledge All India Council for Technical Education, New Delhi for providing junior research scholarship.

A Case Study In Diversity: India And Romania Essay -- Free Essay Writer

     The WWW of almost URLs (Uniform/Universal Resource Locators) literally translated, means the conception WIDE WEB. As such, one would think that it would be easy to find in fix upion and sites from virtually any point in the world. To some extent, this is the case -- only when it can be very difficult. As a large part of our assignment was the comparison of the SAWNET (South Asian Womens NETwork) website, with another site which we found to be evenly diverse, I chose to focus on the Indian aspect of SAWNET, as it seemed to be the most represented of all the South Asian countries. For comparison, I chose Romania, a nation that I knew nothing almost, as it is represented in Virtual Romania (http//www.info.polymtl.ca/zuse/ tavi/www/rom_eng.html).     Each of the websites seemed to function for two obvious reasons to provide some information about tillage and country to interested people, and to p rovide access to the atmosphere of home for any people not living in their own country, be it India or Romania. Visually, each site is very different. Virtual Romania is very flashy, with lots of photos, java and shiny banners, and it is set up in a four frame format - very pushy. In contrast, SAWNET is much better organized, with lost of eye-easy white-space and culturally representative yet simple graphics. I have yet to decide if this is indicative of a cultural influence, or simply gender-biased. Both sites are several years old - in fact, Virtual Romania boasts that it is "The FIRST Ever Romanian Home page on the Internet", and was established in April of 1994, while SAWNET began in 1991, as a mailing list that eventually grew into a web site and choice center. I was a bit disappointed by the fact that several of the relate posted did not work, both on the Virtual Romania site as well as SAWNET.     The best evidence that I could find to testify to the fact that each of =the sites is w ell supported by expatriates, is in the Homepage listings that each of the sites maintains. These links mostly included people from foreign countries, many in Canada and the US, as well as a few from within the countrys reliable boundaries. Upon visiting many pages, I discovered that most people had lived in their home country for some years, and had moved for personal reasons (mainly for educ... ... better job of promoting and serving its country for both visitors and for Romanians far and wide. It includes an enormous variety of links for all sorts of topics, from High School year book archives (for old st udents) to academe Catavencu (http//www.vsat.ro/Catavencu/), a Romanian political satire publication, to Interactive maps of major cities. I also really like the inclusion of the Romanian language in most of its areas some items are in English, some in Romanian, and many are bilingual. I feel that the SAWNET site does not to justice to the varied culture of India (or any of t he other cultures it represents, such as Bangladesh, Bhutan, Nepal, Pakistan and Sri Lanka). Nor does it seem to include any materials or publications available in the different regional Indian languages (as far as I could find). I did find a link to Scilet, a site of Indian literature (http//WWW.SCILET.ORG/), but all the publications had been translated into English, and are unavailable in their buffer form. Perhaps SAWNET could look to other cultural sites, like Virtual Romania, as examples on how to present and promote their diverse culture to computer-chair travelers and emigrants alike.

Weather Forecasting :: essays research papers

Weather Forecasting     In researching this project I was amazed to respect the many books on thistopic. After going through much information and reading an enormous amount ofwriting on weather forecasting I can only come to one conclusion that when allis considered the best forecasters can only give an educated guess of what is instore for weather. by means of the many means at their disposal, such as satellites,ships at the ocean, infr bed, radio, and radar transmissions even with all ofthese techniques no prediction is 100% accurate.     One question that I asked myself was "when was the first weatherforecasting ever done?", I found out that in 1863 in Britain there was a unitedforecasting ashes headed by Captain Robert Fitzroy. Captain Fitzroy would sendships around Britain to warn people of surprises and such. However, he was oftenwrong and criticized and therefor committed suicide. Since then there get down beenmany other se rvices, but the largest one currently is the National WeatherService. The National Weather Service gives predictions for all of the worldthrough satellite imagery for all countries. Also in recent history many localtelevision and radio stations have made private forecasts for small areas.     Meteorologists are people who interpret the weather, the reason I dontsay predict the weather is because even though all forecasters have the sameinformation and data at their fingertips, the way that they interpret what is in summit of them can be different. Meteorologists receive information from varioussources, but their interpretation of the data determines the accuracy of theirprediction.     Someone king ask, "If forecasters have so much information on aparticular area how could they predict a flawed forecast ?" The answer tothat question lies in the fact that any one of a number of weather conditionsmay ruin a forecast. A fast cold or hot front moving in, an unexpected flowfrom the ocean or a cold wind may change the whole days forecast.     There are many different materials and devices used by local andgovernment services to predict the weather. Some of these devices are, Radarwhich is actually sound waves, which bounce off clouds and give office ofstorms this way.     Another such device is actually a variation of radar called "DopplerRadar" actually can give the exact location of a storm within a kilometer.However, Doppler Radar is not used so much for everyday forecasting, but fortornadoes and very large storms. The way Doppler Radar works is more or less the sameas regular radar with one advantage, it also can measure the speed of an objector storm, which makes its prime usage tornado watching.

Rites Of Passage :: essays research papers fc

Rites of Passage     When an individual experiences movement, or a change from an affixedposition in connection to another position, that individual can easily tell aparttheir change as a passing game into a new realm of living. A new realm of living isthe way in which the individual and society views, acknowledges, and proceedswith their life. Their changes are monumental not only for the individual, butfor his/her society as well. Many changes take place during the span of apersons life. They become rites of passage and rituals of initiation-which aremore than just simple changes. A plethora of come with these rites and are foundin all corners of the globe. Going on vision quests, by the plains Indians ofNorth America, to circumcision by certain Australian cultures, rites of passagepresent a vast table of religious comparisons(Eliade, p. 287-88).     This essay will examine two rites of initiation, by comparing andcontrasting their impor tance to each culture, and discussing how thatimportance affects that particular individual as well as their society. Finally,the essay will explore possible reasons as to why these initiation rites hold adeep meaning in their respective societies.     The Kurnai of Australia have an initiation rite for the sons of marriedmen in their location villages. Within a section by A. W. Howitt, in Eliadesbook, From Primitives to Zen A thematic Sourcebook of the History of Religions ,a ceremony known as the "Showing the grandad" is described(Eliade, p. 288)In this initiation the Kurnai have a formal way of bringing a mans son into thehighest, and most secret realm of their religion. By incorporating the use ofthe return and son relationship, this particular ritual involves the revelationof the central meaning, or "mystery" of their religion. The men and women areseparated. Secrecy is one the most important traditions in this initiation. Theinitiation is not revealed to the women, or anyone else not of their society.The sons, or "novices" as Howitt calls them, are taught the proper religioustraditions that they need to know for the ceremony, and for the rest of theirlives, as this initiation will decide their step into religious righteousness,and manhood. This all takes place the day before the ceremony, while other men,who have already been through the ceremony, prepare by hunting for fodder andarranging a site, not too far from the village, where the initiation will takeplace. The next morning, a new day at hand, the novices are interpreted to the siteat which time the ceremony commences.

Dame in Yosemite State Park :: Argumentative Persuasive papers

Dame in Yosemite State ParkIn the late 1800s and early 1900s, a heated debate ensued over the building of a dam in the Hetchy Hetchy Valley in Yosemite State Park. The debate was between the naturalists of the area and the city engineers. I shall explore not barely the debate prior to the building of the dam but excessively its affects on the population since its completion. Being a nature lover myself, I can tardily sympathize with the people who wanted to preserve the natural violator Yosemite, but in light of the facts, I feel that the dam was not only essential but an overall benefit to the citizens of the surrounding area.It was after the earthquake of 1906 that the city of San Francisco thought it necessary to build a dam to meet the weewee and electrical energy needs of the people. The earthquake was devastating. Firefighters drastically lowered the existing water supply to the area putting out fires the earthquake caused. It was a long drug-out battle that cease in a court of law. The dam was finished in 1923. They later decided to build the dam bigger so that it could produce more water and power to San Francisco. The completion of the final addition to the dam occurred in 1938. (Schaffer). High granite walls form the narrow canyon. The base of the dam is less than 1,000 feet long that creates a origin eight miles long and covers 1,861 acres. It measures nearly 370 feet in depth (Boldrick). John Muir was a naturalist and a strong advocate for leaving untouched the natural beauty of Yosemite. He did not want his beloved park tampered with. He believed the dam would close off the area to the public and restrict access for nature lovers uniform him who used the area for camping, hiking, and staying in touch with nature. (Muir). The Yosemite Valley had already been closed for three and a half months for the purpose of keeping Tuolumne Meadows clean. It had been proposed that the divide to the dam also be closed for the same reason. Arguments against building the dam included the problem of inaccessibility to the watershed. However, this argument did not seem a valid one, as the watershed would only need to be closed for three and a half months out of the year.

Dame in Yosemite State Park :: Argumentative Persuasive papers

Dame in Yosemite State ParkIn the late 1800s and early 1900s, a heated fence ensued over the building of a obturate in the Hetchy Hetchy Valley in Yosemite State Park. The debate was between the essentialists of the area and the city engineers. I shall explore not plainly the debate prior to the building of the dam but also its affects on the population since its completion. Being a temper lover myself, I suffer easily sympathize with the people who wanted to preserve the natural beauty Yosemite, but in light of the facts, I feel that the dam was not only necessary but an overall benefit to the citizens of the surrounding area.It was after the earthquake of 1906 that the city of San Francisco thought it necessary to build a dam to meet the pissing and electricity needs of the people. The earthquake was devastating. Firefighters drastically lowered the existing water supply to the area putting out fires the earthquake caused. It was a long drug-out involution that ended in a court of law. The dam was finished in 1923. They later decided to build the dam bigger so that it could produce more than water and power to San Francisco. The completion of the final addition to the dam occurred in 1938. (Schaffer). High granite walls form the narrow canyon. The base of the dam is less than 1,000 feet long that creates a reservoir eight miles long and covers 1,861 acres. It measures nearly 370 feet in depth (Boldrick). John Muir was a naturalist and a strong advocate for leaving untouched the natural beauty of Yosemite. He did not want his beloved park tampered with. He believed the dam would close off the area to the public and restrict access for nature lovers like him who used the area for camping, hiking, and staying in touch with nature. (Muir). The Yosemite Valley had already been closed for three and a half months for the purpose of keeping Tuolumne Meadows clean. It had been proposed that the watershed to the dam also be closed for the same rea son. Arguments against building the dam included the problem of inaccessibility to the watershed. However, this argument did not seem a valid one, as the watershed would only need to be closed for three and a half months out of the year.