Liner Shipping

AN INTRODUCTION TO facing ecstasy BU wrongESS NATURE AND SCOPE OF line drive transfer BUSINESS LINER SHIPPING BUSINESS A BRIEF diachronic persuasion OF SHIPPING THE primary(prenominal) CHARACTERISTICS OF LINER value THE chief(prenominal) CHARACTERISTICS OF TRAMP SERVICE TYPES OF LINER SERVICE OPERATORS THE IMPORTANCE & subscribe FOR LINER SERVICE LINER slyness ROUTES A BRIEF HISTORICAL PERSPECTIVE OF SHIPPINGThe spirit of enquiry flavor beyond the forests, mountains, deserts & navals. The era of explorations European expeditions Discovery of the Americas The Suez and Panama lines and other croupeals/waterways changed the racetrack of transportation systemIndustrial Revolution Increase in claim on Newer markets and opportunities Large- plateful ravishping lines just now became widespread in the nineteenth century, after the ontogeny of the go venture in 1783. Great Britain was the meaning of development of the expatriation line. In 1819 the depression steam er clam crossing of the Atlantic naval took place. By 1833 raptus lines had begun to operate steamships in the midst of Britain and British Empire possessions such as India and Canada. Three major British exile lines were founded in the 1830s The British and American steam clean navigation Company.The Great Western steamer Company The Peninsular Steam Navigation Company.HISTORICAL PERSPECTIVE1. Evolution of conveyance as an pains that arose from mans quest for quest new frontiers and later on contend a major role in world good deal.2. Growth of markets from local to neighbouring settlements / villages / towns/cities/countries and continents across the oceans in the 18th century. Seafaring communities could be found whole over the world, the Egyptians, the Phoenicians, the Greeks, the Romans, the Norwegians, the British, the Dutch, the portuguese, the Chinese, the Indians and many a(prenominal) more.3. Discovery of new continents The Americas and despatchs to vario us countries. The major man-make alterations in the geographic embellish that change the world. The Panama canal machine-accessible the Atlantic and the Pacific oceans piece of music the Suez canal connected the Mediterranean ocean in Europe and the Red Sea in Asia.4. Industrial Revolution and the invention of the steam engine ca substance abused a major gap in the way ships operated wind power to steam powered. The trade routes travel from existence guided by wind and ocean currents to routes chartered by man to countries and continents more or little the globe.5. The inter-dependence of people and their produce and the role of ship owners and merchants in the development of new markets overseas.6. The orgasm of Tramp and liner rapture line of business as the demands of the merchants and trading community grew during the nineteenth and 20th to possess regular process to destination of their choice that was dependable, reliable, fixed route and timeframe to meet the re quirements of their overseas customer.Characteristics of facing Shipping Tramp* vs Liner Shipping* mental lexicon Meaning vagrant, homeless, vagabondTramp divine service is driven by demands of the merchant in carrying goods in extensive quantities to specified location, does non take aim a fixed schedule or tariff in the sense that the dispatch place are on the table per voyage, Whereas Liner Shipping is driven by demands of the merchant in carrying goods in smaller quantities, that is unitized or break-bulk, on a specified route, operating with a regular schedule, to pre-advertised ports of look to and fixed tariff.Types of Liner Service Break-bulk lumber, wood-chips, liquids, grains, crude-oil, over dimension lode. ? Container or cellular vas Containers plaster cast-on/Roll- make vessel to carry wide of the marky built motor vehicles of all shapes & sizes ? LASH ( twinkle* aboard ship) or Kangaroo ships, lighter transport ships ? Passenger/Luxury canvas Liner conveying people on work or leisure A lighter is a gearless barge or a small vessel that can carry encumbrance a hanker rivers waterways to the sea and then can be unwavering onto the mother vessel in the port.The mixed bag of Service Pattern1. The Feeder service2. RTW or round-the-world3. The Pendulum Service4. Hub and Spoke5. End-to-endReview questions1. Explain the path of change the sea-borne trade has undergone to reach it present level. Also insinuate the factors that influenced the growth of sea-borne trade.2. What is Tramp service?3. name the main characteristics of Liner Service4. Draw a comparision between Tramp and Liner Service5. observe the various types of Liner Service6. How are the Liner Service pattern classified explain.THE MAIN CHARACTERISTICS OF TRAMP SERVICENo fixed schedule the ship calls at ports subject to inducement. Serves customers with prominent shipments Eg. Ore, coal sword, crude oil, food grains, fertilizers full shiploads Freight rates are negotiable No Tariff On a charter voyage, time or baresauceboatTHE MAIN CHARACTERISTICS OF LINER SERVICEA expire of ships glide between pre-advertised port that call at the ports en-route to load/discharge cargo. prevail a fixed schedule. Offer cargo space to customers irrespective of volume CY/FCL integral container OR CFS/LCL Less-than-container load Carry oecumenic cargo and/or unitized cargo in ISO containers A pre-deterimined Tariff social system base on port-pair & commodity. Large organisation structure network of office/agents Specified Port rotation for caseful Bangkok-Laem Chabang-Ho Chi Minh City-Singapore- Chennai-SingaporeLaem Chabang-Bangkok frozen scheduleBKK sit down/Sun LCB Mon/Mon VICT link/Wed Cat lai Wed/Thur SIN Fri/SatMAA Thur/Fri SIN Wed/ThursLCB Sat/SatBKK Sat/SunROLL-ON/ROLL-OFF LINER SERVICE HISTORY At first, wheeled vehicles carried as cargo on ocean going ships were treated desire any other cargo. Automobiles had their gas tanks emptied and their batteries fragmented before being hoisted into the ships hold, where they were chocked and secured. This process was tedious and difficult, vehicles were subject to damage, and could not be used for routine travel. landing place craft during universe War II Post war, the idea was adopted for merchant ships and short ferry crossings.The first RoRo service crossing the face channel began from capital of Delaware (Dover is a town and major ferry port in the county of Kent, in southeastern East England. ) It faces France across the narrowest part of the English Channel. TYPES of Roll on Roll off vessels ROPAX The acronym ROPAX (roll on/roll off passenger) describes a RORO A ferry is a public figure of transport, usually a boat or ship, used to carry passengers and their vehicles across a body of water. Ferries are in like elbow room used to transport freight and eve railroad cars . vessel built for freight vehicle transport that alike with passenger accommodation.Th e ConRo vessel is a crossbred between a RORO and a container ship. A RoLo (roll-on lift-off) vessel is another hybrid vessel type with ramps serving vehicle decks but with other cargo decks accessible only by crane. Roll-on/roll-off (Roll on/Roll off) Ships were intentional to carry wheeled cargo PCTC unadulterated car- carriers or Pure Car / hand truck Carriers While the characteristics of seagoing RORO car ferries have inherent risks, there are benefits to its seaworthiness. For example the car carrier puma thaumaturgist The Motor ship Cougar pinpoint is a Singapore-flagged roll-on/roll-off car carrier vessel.The Cougar Ace was built by Kanasashi Co. of Toyohashi, Aichi and launched in June 1993. listed 80 degrees to its port side in 2006 but did not sink, since its high cover sides prevented water from entering. Unlike in the shipping industry where cargo is measurable by the metric tonne, RORO cargo is typically measured unit of LIM lanes in metres. This is calculated by multiplying cargo length in metres by its width in lanes (lane width differs from vessel to vessel and there are a number of industry standards). Aboard PCCs cargo capacity is measured in RT or RT 43 units which is based on a 1966 Toyota or by car kindred units (CEU).THE ERA OF CONTAINERIZATIONAs the progress was made in wrong of unitization of the goods that is packaging the goods in a suitable manner for proper stowage and safe comportment during a shipment from one soil to another the simple box, case, crate, cask or drums, pallets, skids and vans slowly evolved the concept of containerization container made of steel or aluminum that would make discussion of cargo easier. Definition Containerization is a system of distributing merchandise in a unitized form thereby permitting an intermodal transport system to be developed providing a possible gang of rail, road, canal and maritime transport.For as long as people have been sailing the oceans they have been trading with other countries. The bang-up empires of the world, from the Egyptians to the British Empire, were all built on ocean trade. As far patronize as 1792, boxes similar to modern containers emerged in England and these were transported with horse and wagon and later moved via rail. The U. S. government used containers during the Second World War.Modern container shipping began in 1956, when Malcolm McLean, a trucking entrepreneur from North Carolina, U. S. bought a steamship company with the idea of transporting entire truck trailers with their cargo still inside. Various companies in the U. S. began to adopt containerisation. In 1966, the vessel Fairland possess by Sea-Land sailed from the U. S. to Rotterdam in the Netherlands with 256 containers. This was the first internationalist voyage of a container ship. During the 1970s container shipping expanded dramatically and ports were established in every continent in the world. This was the generator of the expansion that made cont ainer shipping the anchorman of global trade.Transporting goods in large volumes makes it cheaper economies of scale improved and therefore the unit embody of the products became more competitive. Transporting goods by container ship is as well better for the environment. It is estimated that on average a container ship emits around 40 time less CO2 than a large freight aircraft and three times less than a heavy truck. Container shipping is excessively estimated to be two and a half(a) times more energy efficacious than rail and 7 times more so than road. Container shipping is different from courtly shipping because it uses containers of various sizes 20 founding (6. 9 m), 40 home (12. 18 m) , 45 foot (13. 7 m), 48 foot (14. 6 m), and 53 foot (16. 15 m) to load, transport, and unload goods DEVELOPMENT OF adequate INFRASTRUCTURE The introduction of containers in shipping also saw the development of boxstone at the port and the container yards that was required to like the containers safely with the cargo. A container crane (also container manipulation gantry crane, ship-to-shore crane ) is a anatomy of large dockside gantry cranes found at container terminals for loading and unloading intermodal containers from container ships.The first use of a container crane was constructed by Paceco Corp. for Matson (a oceanic terminal in Alameda, CA) in the first 1960s and was called a Portainer. Container cranes consistent of a supporting framework that can subdue the length of a quay or yard, and a moving platform called a broadcaster. The spreader can be take down down on top of a container and quietens on to the containers foursome locking points (corner castings), using a twist lock mechanism. Cranes normally transport a oneness container at once, however some newer cranes have the capability to up pick upto four 20 containers at once.A fully mobile version not using racecourse is a rubber tyred gantry crane Containers are generally referred to in terms of TEU Twenty foot equivalent while the standard size of containers that exist in shipping are for further inside information the students may refer to the container specifications distributed CONTAINER TYPES DRY despatch CONTAINERS INSULATED CONTAINERS REFRIGERATED CONTAINERS BULK CONTAINERS VENTILATED CONTAINERS flat RACK & PLATFORM CONTAINERS OPEN-TOP CONTAINERS TANKS CONTAINERS SEA prison cell CONTAINERS MILITARY CONTAINERS SWAPBODIES HANGER CONTAINERS